Ciência, Tecnologia e Segurança no Sul Global

Autores

  • Bárbara Campos Diniz Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais San Tiago Dantas e do Grupo de Estudos de Defesa e Segurança Internacional (GEDES) da Universidade Estadual Paulista, e Instituto Sul Americano de Política e Estratégia (ISAPE) Autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65895/bstr.v1n1.5

Palavras-chave:

Ciência e Tecnologia, Segurança Internacional, Sul Global, Desenvolvimento, Dependência Tecnológica, Capacidade Institucional

Resumo

Investigamos a complexa e multifacetada relação entre ciência, tecnologia (C&T), desenvolvimento e segurança nacional sob a perspectiva do Sul Global, argumentando que, embora a capacidade tecnológica seja um pilar fundamental para o progresso socioeconômico e a defesa estatal, sua efetividade nessas regiões é criticamente mediada e frequentemente restringida por fragilidades institucionais históricas e estruturais. Partindo da premissa de que segurança e desenvolvimento são mutuamente constitutivos em um sistema internacional interdependente, o estudo desafia as visões lineares de modernização ao demonstrar que a adoção tecnológica desacompanhada de governança robusta não apenas falha em promover o desenvolvimento inclusivo, mas pode exacerbar desigualdades, fomentar o autoritarismo digital e criar novos vetores de insegurança e dependência externa. A análise centraliza-se na desconstrução histórica da suposta defasagem tecnológica inerente ao Sul Global, evidenciando que regiões como o mundo islâmico, Ásia e África possuíam ecossistemas de conhecimento e redes comerciais sofisticadas anteriores à hegemonia europeia, as quais foram sistematicamente desmanteladas por meio de processos violentos de integração ao sistema capitalista global. O texto delineia quatro fases críticas desse processo de subordinação: o desmantelamento das redes comerciais indígenas pelo poder naval e corporativo europeu; a desindustrialização forçada pela Revolução Industrial, que criou abismos de produtividade intransponíveis; a imposição de instituições coloniais extrativistas que suprimiram deliberadamente a educação e a inovação local; e, paradoxalmente, a era pós-colonial, onde a busca acelerada pela modernização resultou em uma “modernidade fantasma”, caracterizada pela importação de pacotes tecnológicos “chave na mão” sem a concomitante transferência de know-how ou fortalecimento da capacidade endógena. O artigo sustenta que esse legado histórico perpetuou um ciclo vicioso de dependência onde os Estados do Sul Global permanecem consumidores passivos de tecnologias desenvolvidas no Norte, tornando-se vulneráveis à espionagem, sabotagem e coerção econômica devido à ausência de sistemas nacionais de inovação resilientes. Conclui-se, portanto, que a superação desse cenário de insegurança e subdesenvolvimento não reside na mera aquisição de artefatos tecnológicos, mas na urgente reforma institucional e no investimento maciço em capital humano para transitar de um modelo de dependência tecnológica para um de soberania e adaptação criativa, condição sine qua non para garantir a segurança nacional e regional diante das profundas assimetrias de poder que regem a ordem tecnológica global contemporânea.

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Publicado

2026-01-07

Como Citar

Diniz, B. C. (2026). Ciência, Tecnologia e Segurança no Sul Global. BRICS Strategy and Technology Review, 1(1), 56-77. https://doi.org/10.65895/bstr.v1n1.5